Word List 18-1

1.yawn  v．打哈欠，欠身；裂开，豁开 n．呵欠；裂口，豁口
【例】Those boys have nothing to do but yawn at each other.
男孩子们无事可做，只能互相对着打哈欠 。
The baby awakened with a yawn.
婴儿打了个哈欠，醒了过来。

2.ensure  vt.担保，保证（获得）;使…必然发生；使安全
【记】联想记忆：en(使)+sure（肯定）--使肯定--保证
【例】In the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and ensure that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant.
20世纪60年代中期，它追求降低劳动成本，减少供应商数量，并保证它的炸薯条在每一家餐馆的味道都一样。(2003)
【用】当表示“确保安全”时，ensure后一般接against或from。
【辨】assure, ensure，assure既可指保证某事，又可指使某人确信某事，后面必须跟人称代词或指人的名词作宾语，常与介词of连用，如：Their guarantee assures customers of fast delivery; ensure指确保、担保
某件事或行为会发生，也可指保证某人得到好处或确保某人不受伤害。

3.idealize   vt.将…理想化，将…视为理想的
【记】联想记忆：ideal(理想)+ize(使…化)--将…理想化
【例】Our first view of this city is meant to be idealized.
我们时这个城市的第一印象注定被理想化了。

4.valid  adj.正确的，有根据的；有效的
【记】词根记忆：val(价值)+id--有价值的--正确的；有效的
【例】Their theory proved to be valid.他们的理论被证明是正确的。
I had the feeling that someone was about to walk into the room-some other woman, the unseen, valid owner-and ask me what in hell I was doing in her kitchen.
我感觉到有人将要走进房间--另一位女士，一位从未见过的真正主人--她会问我到底在厨房里干什么。(2004)
【派】validity[n．（法律上）有效，合法；合逻辑，正确（性）]

5.scrub  v．用力擦洗，擦净；取消，剔除
【记】和rub(v．擦，摩擦)一起记
【例】The right hand stays faintly blue no matter how hard he scrubs.
无论怎样用力擦洗，他的右手还是有淡淡的蓝色。
The family scrubbed the vacation plan because of the bad weather.
由于糟糕的天气，这家人取消了度假计划。

6.disqualify  vt．使不能，使不合格，吊销资格
【记】联想记忆：dis(除去)+qualify（使有资格）--吊销资格
【例】Eight athletes were disqualified from the championships after failing the drug test.
8名运动员因药检不合格失去了锦标赛的参赛资格。
【用】disqualify的常周搭配是disqualify sb. from doing sth.

7.bother  v．烦扰，打扰 n.麻烦，纠纷，吵闹；讨厌的人，麻烦的事
【例】That trumpet player was certainly loud. But l wasn't bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.
吹喇叭的人的确很吵，但是更让我烦扰的不是他的吵闹，而是他没有天赋的吹奏。(2004)

8.harsh  adj.刺耳的，刺鼻的，刺目的；严厉的，苛刻的；粗糙的
【例】Larry never says harsh word about others.
拉里从不用刻薄的话来谈论其他人。
I think I should be harsh with you from now on.
我想从现在开始我应该对你严厉一点了。